Part 2 — Chapter 23

Chapter XXIII THE COMMENCEMENT OF THE i6 YEARS' WAR § I. The Bokqfi Expedition Since the Ijaye war (1860-62) the Ijebus and the Egbas had strictly forbidden ammunition to be sold to any of the interior tribes, notably Ibadan. On the restoration of peace in 1865 the trade between them consisted of foreign clothes, salt, rum and gin from the coast in exchange for produce, chiefly palm oil, kernels, cotton, etc., from the interior. In order to obtain ammunition, the late Basorun Ogunmola opened the Oke Igbo road via Ifg to Benin solely for that purpose. The late King Adelu, however, had purchased a large quantity of gunpowder at Porto Novo which was sent half way to Bokofi but no further for fear of the Egbas kidnapping the whole. On hearing this, the Are was resolved to send the youngest Mogajis for it, secretly wishing they might encounter the Egbas or the Dahomians who might probably help him to get rid of one or other of them. Ilori the Osi, arid lyapo the Seriki were sent on this expedition under the elderly chief Olupoyi as Baba IsMe. The name of Ij'apo drew the whole of the young men of Ibadan to this expedition leaving only the Are, the Balogun and the Otun at home. Their simple instructions were :—" Molest no one, steer clear of Egba territory, go straight by Oke'ho, Igana to Meko ; but if any one molest or interfere with you, follow the party home, and we shall come and meet you outside their gates." The Are hurried the Seriki out of home the same day he gave him the order, the less prepared the better the chances of his fall in the Are's opinion. The expedition left Ibadan on the 26th April, 1877, and returned safely on the 21st June, without encountering either Egbas or Dahomians. They brought with them about 800 kegs of gunpowder, a few Dane guns, and casks of rum, etc. On the next day the whole of the powder was forwarded to the AlAfin who took a few kegs and made a present of the rest to the Ibadan chiefs. During this expedition there was a great stir among the Egbas. They charged the Ibadans with seeking an occasion of quarrel with them by sending an army into their " backyard " as they styled it, but as the Ibadan government had sent formally to 4>3 apprise the Egba chiefs of their movement and object before the expedition left, the responsible chiefs of Abeokuta hke Ogundipe, and others paid no heed to the hue and cry that was being made. But the great majority of them at a meeting at Sodeke street decided to close the roads against Ibadan and forbid especially the exportation of salt and foreign goods. Ajagunjeun the Balogun of Itoko took the lead and went to the caravan town gate to turn the Ibadan traders back home and to see that those already in the town leave empty handed. This was really the first hostile act that led up eventually to the 16 years' war, which involved practically the whole Yoruba country, and caused so much loss of lives, and much distress and misery, and destruction of towns, subjugation of the Ijebus by the British Government, reduction of the mihtary power of Ibadan, the placing of a British Resident in that town, and of District Commissioners in the principal towns of the Yoruba country. § 2. The First Act of War The Are's avarice and ambition at this time were unbounded. His ambition was to eclipse the fame of the two greatest chiefs of undying memory at Ibadan viz Ibikunle and Ogunmola (his late master) who both left a name behind them, and sons who upheld the fame and greatness of their father. To this end he sought occasion first against Ilori Ogunmgla's son, and then against Seriki lyapg, Ibikunle's son. If he could reduce these men who eclipsed himself in all that made for feudal greatness and glory, his own star would then shine undimmed. Further, he now undertook to organize a mihtary band for his own house, raising some of the principal slaves to power and greatness, some of them commanding from 400 to 1,000 soldiers each, horse and foot ; and accumulated also a vast store of ammuni- tion in his own house. Also he put up his eldest son as a rival to the other Mggajis in the town, and organized a military band for him, and a guard consisting of the sons of the well-to-do men in the town. These doings of the Are did not escape the observation of the chiefs. It seemed to them that the Are wanted to perpetuate the administration of Ibadan in his own family, and they were determined to resist this with all their might. The Are on the other hand was much elated with his mihtary organization, and he made it clear that he was bent on an enterprise which he was determined to prosecute to a successful issue with or without the help of his chiefs. On the 25th of June, 1877, the Are declared at the meeting of the Town Council that as the Egbas first shut their gates against Ibadan since the 3rd of June they must now shut theirs against the Egbas, and 17 days hence commence hostilities. The chiefs one and all remonstrated with him against this enterprise, but he was obdurate. Messengers were despatched to their neighbours the Ijebus, Ilorins, the Ijesas, Ekitis and Ifes telling them of the impending struggle and requesting their co- operation. The casus belli were stated as follows :— 1. That they only performed an act of loyalty towards the King by sending to Porto Novo to bring home ammunition he had bought there, when the Egbas refused to sell to them. 2. They never trespassed on Egba territory, nor gave any cause of offence to any, and yet the Egbas resented their action by closing their roads against Oyos forbidding all trade and intercourse with them. 3. Hundreds of their people who went to Abegkuta for trade had been stolen and sold into slavery which alone gave them the right to demand redress. But before the return of the messengers the Egba chiefs sent their ambassadors headed by one Leasu to negotiate peace and on the I2th of July, 1877, a full meeting was convened to hear them. But Leasu proved himself most unfit to play the part entrusted to him; he spoke disrespectfully and in an impertinent manner, addressing the Are by name, but his own head chief by his title Alatise. The chiefs were indignant at this and the Seriki lyapo at once confronted him with " You ought rather be gone as you are most unfit to discharge the duties of a messenger. Why did you not call your own chief Ogudipe by name but by his title Alatise, but our own chief you keep calling by name Latosisa ? That is his name true, but he has a title and he is the ruler of this town. If you cannot do him respect we will show you the gate." Leasu had to leave the town the next day without a reply to his message. Whilst the chiefs were for negotiation, the Are was bent on hostiUties. He found in this affair a plausible pretext for a thing he had long premeditated to carry out, viz., the subjugation of Abeo- kuta as the first step towards bringing the whole country again under one head. Seeing the storm brewing the native missionaries in a body interviewed him and endeavoured to dissuade him from prosecuting his mad project. They pointed out to him that the thing could not be done, as the Egbas were well supphed with breach-loading guns which are terrible weapons of precision, whilst he had none. He laughingly replied " And with muzzle-loading ones will I break them." They further remonstrated with him saying " Otg aladugbo ko dara " (warfare between neighbours is a great evil). He received them hitherto with his usual smiles and affabihty, extenuating his actions, etc., but now, all of a sudden (probably thinking they were moved thereto by the chiefs) he grew stern and resolute, not to say fierce (his Kakanfo blood seemingly flying into his head) and he said " I am going to perform a task which God has allotted to me to do, and those who say they shall see that I do not accomplish it will not live to see it done, as done it shall be, and when I have finished there shall be no more wars for ever in the Yoruba country." How truly prophetic his words turned out to be, but how differently from what he intended them to be. Kidnapping Expedition to the Egba farms.—The Are was as determined to commence hostilities as the chiefs were against it. Hence at the meeting of the Town Council on the 31st July, he said to the chiefs, " There is no subject for discussion to-day but you should all go home and prepare for a kidnapping expedition to the Egba farms to-morrow morning." The Balogun and the other chiefs were against the proposal, they said they were not prepared for such a big undertaking. But the Are coolly returned this ironical answer, " Very well, as you are not prepared you can have as much time at home as you wish, meantime I go, and perhaps by the time I return you may then be ready." This sarcastic reply was felt, and each one went home for a hasty preparation for the morrow. The Are led out the Ibadan host to the Egba farms on the ist August, and captured Atadi, and Alagbara, and pushed on as far as Arakanga behind the gates of Abeokuta, and captured a young bride there. The Egbas were not prepared for this. At the instance of Chief Ogundipe they were about to send another ambassador to undo the mischief done by Leasu, but this attack on their farms and villages put an end to their pacific intentions. As it was now evident that war was inevitable, the Ijebus to show on which side their sympathy lay, recalled their Agurin at Ibadan, a sign of declaration of war. The Are with reference to Abeokuta said " Too large for a close siege but for that reason the more vulnerable to famine." His plan was to swoop down on the farms now and again, cut off supplies, prevent cultivation, and thus reduce the place by famine. Hence in his expeditions, the main object was to destroy foodstuffs, fire the barns, cut down standing corn, chop in pieces yam and other tuberous foodstuffs. The second expedition was known as " Igbe Igbin " (the Igbin expedition), because some of the Ibadan soldiers encountered Igbin an Egba war chief. But the Ibadan war-chiefs had made a compact among themselves not to fight, but leave the brunt of everything to the Are alone ; therefore when they reached the farms they located themselves at short distances from one another, leaving Aturu the Balogun's head slave to lead the men in search of prey. There was no chief with them when Igbin attacked them vigorously and pursued them a great distance until they reached the vicinity of the Seriki's location when he sent a body of men to drive back the pursuers. Aturu also ralHed those within his reach, and led them back safe. This second expedition was less beneficial to them than the first. § 3. Insurrection Against the Are, and the Death OF Seriki Iyapo The aversion of the chiefs to this war grew stronger every day, and so also did the obstinacy of the Are. Being bound by a sense of duty to follow him wherever he went, the plot they had made, viz : to take advantage of whatever chance may bring within their reach, but to leave all the fighting to be done by the Are and his slaves, did not prevent the latter from prosecuting his mad resolve. So then the chiefs in order to put an end to this undesirable war were determined to rise against the Are, and make an end of him and with him of the war. For this purpose they met at a given signal in the dead of night on the ist October, 1877, in the Ogboni house at the Basorun's market. There they took a solemn oath of secrecy and mutual confidence and ratified the same by spUtting of kola nuts and the slaughter of a ram, each of them taking his portion home. But they were not all faithful to one another. Solalu the Osi Seriki a notorious tale-bearer went that very night and divulged the whole secret to the Are. Ilori the Osi also who but lately had incurred the Are's displeasure had not the courage to go the whole length with them, fearing the consequences to himself in case of failure ; he also went secretly and exposed the plot. The majority of the rest of them, knowing this, followed suit, each one to save himself, but the Balogun and the Seriki considered it infra dig., so to betray them- selves. At a general meeting on the 2nd of October, the Are told them what he had heard : they all denied it one after another. But the Are told them that he trusted none of them not even those who professed loyalty to him, he was sure that with a better prospect they would all kick against him. The matter was suppressed for the time being, but in less than a month it broke out again. The insurrection was fixed for the ist of November but the secret was divulged again by the notorious Solalu. The Arg was terribly ill at ease. Before the morning of the ist November he had left home for his farm with his slaves armed. Some surmised that it was his intention to escape from Ibadan, but where to go to ? He had offended all their great neighbours. Restless in the farm, he returned to town. He made little account of all the chiefs except theBalogun and the Seriki each of whom was a match for him. In his perplexity he resorted to Chief Mosaderin the brother of the Balogun, with two slaves and valuable presents, begging him to use his influence with the Balogun for good on his behalf. He succeeded. Chief Mosaderin called his brother and remonstrated with him, " What have you as compared with the Are in slaves or wealth to satisfy the greedy appetite of Ibadan chiefs ? If he is overthrown to-day it will devolve upon you to-morrow to assume the reins of government, and it will not be long before the same measure is meted out to you. And the Seriki with whom you are in league, have you forgotten that he was the one aspiring to your title when the Are threatened lately to depose you ? Will you be able to manage him if you become the Bale and he the Balogun ? Remember that his father was a native of Ogbomgso and descended from an Esq. He will soon aspire to become a Kakanfo as by right, and what is to become of you then ? " In this way Mosaderin won the Balogun over to the Are and on the latter's return from his farm the Balogun called on him in the evening. The Are, almost beside himself with joy, greeted him with " Aye my brother and companion in arms, you have almost done for me ! " Having won over the Balogun he was determined not to spare the Seriki. The latter hearing that the Balogun called on the Ar§ called also himself the next day, but the Are refused to see him. He returned home under a shower of stones from the Are's slaves. Seeing that evil was determined against the Seriki the' other chiefs tried to interpose on his behalf,'but the Are was resolute. He was determined to rid himself of one whose power and influence had always made him uneasy. On the 4th of November the Are declared that he pardoned him, but this was a ruse to get him into his power, for he instructed his slaves to shoot him down, when he least expected danger. The Seriki who had friends amongst the Are's slaves heard of it and never committed himself into his hands. The Are could not treat him, however, as he treated the late Aijenku, and all measures adopted to get at him and kill him suddenly, failed. So he had recourse to depriving him of his brave men. He deposed him from his title conferring the same on Ajayi Osungbekun his Otun. The notorious Solalu the Osi Seriki he made the Otun. Amowo one of lyapo's brave men he made the Osi Seriki, lyapo's Bada he made his own, and so of all his principal fighting men, thereby weakening his hands if he meant to fight, and having done this he sent to him to die. Ajaja, however, was reluctant to supersede his chief, so the Are sent to him to take with him One wife, one horse and one groom and leave the town. On lyapo hearing this he sent at once to Ajayi advising him to accept the title. " I know that I afn a doomed man," said he " and I must not involve you in my ruin ; as for me, my father was an Eso and I was bom an Esg, and like an Eso I will die." He summoned his brothers together, and gave them his last charge, all being present excepting Akintola the next to him. He distributed his property to his sons and daughters, left directions about the family property (to which he added something) and how to keep up the glory of the house and their father's name, etc. In the meantime he ordered his grave and his coffin to be prepared, and having inspected and approved of both, and having thus set his house in order, on the evening of the 17th November, 1877, this young and brave general entered his bedroom, and put an end to his life I When the news got abroad, the consternation and agitation in the town were indescribable. All the young Mogajis lyapo's comrades quaked and trembled. They combined and took a solemn oath of mortal hatred of the Are for the death ,of lyapo and a determination to avenge it. They agreed never to win for him a battle, or conquer a hamlet until he was dead and gone. Thus the Are by putting an end to the life of such brave men as Aijenku and lyapo started the decadence of Ibadan military power. His chief motive was a selfish one, to immortalize his own name and exalt his family never taking into account what provi- dence may have decreed for him. The Succession of Akintola After the death of lyapo, Akintola his brother succeeded him as the head of the house but of course not to his title nor to any public title at all, as the Arg was determined to diminish if not extinguish the glory of Ibikunle's house. That quarter of the town of which that house was the centre was broken up, all the strong chiefs therein being assigned to several petty chiefs so that Akintola was left with no following and had none to depend upon but his father's slaves. But all the same he felt that none was equal to him among all the chiefs in that quarter and that the prestige of his father's house was in no way obliterated, he knew that the " Lion of the Master of Camps" will one day arise and shake up himself in all his former power; but for the present he had to bow to the inevitable. § 4. Further Raiding Expedition on Egba Farms. On the 19th November, 1877, the Balogun was sent out to raid the Egba farms and he ravaged those that lay near the Ijebus. On the 28th December, he went northwards against those that lay in the direction of Iberekodo and an attempt was even made to capture a village called Ogatedo at the confluence of the Oyan and Ofiki rivers. But the rivers were swollen and the Ibadans having waded waist deep were compelled to retreat before the steady fire of the men of the place, who posted themselves behind the large trees growing along the side of the river, and prevented their gaining the opposite bank. The Balogun being ill in the camp they could not renew their efforts. The expedition returned home on the 17th of January, 1878, the Balogun being borne on a litter. A Nine Days' Raiding Expedition On the Balogun's recovery from his illness the Are proposed another expedition and was determined to make a longer stay in the Egba farms this time and thus draw them out to a fight. Hitherto the raids lasted only three days each time and only the Ibadan war-chiefs were concerned, but now he proposed inviting outside help as well. For that purpose he sent the Otun to clear the road leading to Arawo, that is a place midway between Ibadan and Abeokuta on the caravan route. He also invited the war- chiefs of Ife, Modakeke and other subject towns. He could not count upon the complete loyalty of the Ibadan war-chiefs because of their opposition to this enterprise, and because he knew how deeply he had offended most of them ; bjit he knew the courage and intrepidity of the Ifes and relied more on them. The expedi- tion left Ibadan on the 24th of March, 1878 and encamped next day at Alakisa a few miles beyond Arawo. Having this for their base they ravaged the farms on the right as far as Iber§kodo, and on the left as far as they could go. They lived on the spoils of the farm and destroyed the rest, setting the barns on fire. The Egbas however, did not show their faces, but contented themselves with bravely manning their walls against any attack. The Ife army arrived on the 28th and joined them in the field. At the end of nine days the Are summoned a council and announced that as the Egbas did not take up the challenge and come out for a fight, they should take a roundabout course and capture Osiele before they returned home. He was opposed by the whole of the Ibadan war-chiefs without exception. They alleged: 1. That they were already exhausted by this 9 days useless exposure. 2. That Osiele not being taken into account before they left home, they had not first consulted the gods nor offered propitia- tory sacrifices as they usually did before attacking a town. 3. That to go to Osiele from where they were was too risky and inadvisable, because they would leave rear and base exposed to attack by the Egbas should they undertake to attack them by way of Atadi. If Osiele is to be taken why not go home first and make a direct attack from home by a route shorter and safer ? The Are repHed " You had better go and reconsider what you intend to do, as for me, my mind is made up. I am decided, and if there remain only my slaves and Ayikiti the Ife General and the Modak§ke people with me, I shall take Osiele." ■ The chiefs retired, but to strengthen the plot against him. They agreed to follow but only to witness how he and his slaves with the Ife and Modakeke people would take Ogiele. In the meantime private messages had gone to apprise the Egbas of the impending assault on Osiele. The Ibadan war-chiefs also let their men know that they were not obliged to stand by their masters, nor to stay and fight in case of an attack, but as for themselves they were bound by their office not to desert the Are. Before daybreak on the 1st of April they had started for Osiele. The Osiele army met them at a great distance from their home, and without firing a shot those who led the van of the Ibadan army melted away, bringing the Are himself and his principal war-chiefs face to face with the enemy. Only their bodyguards remained with the chiefs, their fighting men had all gone. The Are and his slaves threw themselves into the attack vigorously, and in the first attack, about 300 of them became hors de combat in dead and wounded. Nothing daunted, a second onslaught was made and about 200 became hors de combat. The Are's slaves now perceived that the brunt of the fighting was left for them alone to bear, and suspected it was a plot to annihilate them, therefore they also gave way. The Ife and Modakeke people quickly took in the situation and they themselves gave way, leaving only the Are and his principal war-chiefs with their bodyguards. None of the war-chiefs deserted the Are so that no one could be accused of cowardice. The chiefs knew the risks they were running by thus exposing themselves to be enveloped and taken but they could not have done otherwise; that was the only way to accompUsh their plot and bring the Are to reason. It is now evident the day was lost, and as the Are began to retreat the rush became general and the Egbas pressed hard in pursuit. The camp was a long way off, nearly a day's journey, and hundreds died of thirst. The Are and the veterans about him retreated in good order, or let us rather say were allowed to retreat in good order, for if Ogundipe and the Egba war-chiefs had deter- mined to press hard in pursuit the Ibadan army would have been annihilated, but the war-chiefs on either side knew secretly the game they were playing. About 2 p.m. the Are expressed a desire to say his afternoon prayers. " By all means," said the Balogun " you can do so." The Balogun then dismounted and expanding his arms in the direction of the pursuers he said to them " Fire all your shots here." But Sanusi the Are's eldest son and Idagana one of his principal slaves threw themselves forward and kept' the Egba pursuers at bay until the Are had said his prayers ; and once on the saddle again they retreated hastily. The casualties on the whole were slight. Sanusi was wounded in the lip, the Balogun lost a favourite servant in this campaign, and the Mogaji of the late Chief Bioku was captured by the Egbas. The wreck of the expedition returned home on the 2nd of April, 1878. The Are was greatly disappointed, especially in his own slaves. He said he had thought that come what might he could always count upon a thousand at least to stand by him for weal or woe, but alas he was deserted. However, he comforted himself with this reflection : " There is no one who may not suffer a defeat, for even the prophet of God (Mahomet) suffered a defeat." After this all the interior war-chiefs returned to their homes but Ayikiti and the Ife war-chiefs. Several offices had to be filled among them. Also the office of the Owoni of Ife was vacant by the death of Ayikiti's father, and he was desirous of succeeding him. The Ifes, however, were for another prince and not Ayikiti, but he so pressed his claims that the Are had to give in, and so on the 8th April after titles had been arranged for all vacancies in the Ife chieftaincies, messengers from the Ibadan chiefs followed Ayikiti home to crown him the Owoni of Ife. Another Raid.—The Are, however, was not dispirited by the defeat and failure to capture Osiele, he sent the Otun out again to clear the direct route via the Agangan hill. In the meantime he was carrying on a private negotiation with the Ijebus for a treaty of friendship and commerce working chiefly through the Ijebus resident at Ibadan and the Ij§bu Remos. But the answer of the Awujale of the Ijebus was insolent, bidding the Ar§ first to be on friendly terms with the Egbas, the AlAfin, the Ijesas and the Ifes, and when he saw the messengers of the heads of these states he would reconsider his relations with Ibadan. The Ibadan chiefs hearing this reply were so enraged at its insolence that they were willing to yield to the Are's determination that the reply to the Awujale should take a practical form by sending the Balogun to ravage the Egba farms. Although they held a different view from their chief in this matter of Abeokuta yet they could not brook any insults to him from outside. They marched out on the 2oth of May, 1878. § 5. The Revolt of the Ekiti Tribes The Ekiti tribes who had long been groaning under the yoke of the Ibadans, seized the opportunity of the latter being involved in compHcations with the Egbas and Ijebus to rebel against them. Adey^a, prince of Ila, Fabunmi and Odeyale both of Mesin- Oloja-Oke, allied themselves together to commence hostilities against the Ibadans. Their first act of rebellion was to seize all Oyos (Yorubas proper) residing peacefully amongst them with their famiUes. They killed some, and the rest they sold into slavery. Then they collected together a large number of hen coups, and skulls of cattle, set them up as fetish, and offered to them sacrifices of human beings, the victims being (i) The Ibadan messengers that oppressed them so much ; (2) and the Ajeles (pohtical residents) of the Ibadan chiefs among them ; fowls and cattle being the chief articles of diet these messengers generally demanded from them. The massacre at Ila alone was estimated at about 1,000 human beings ! The Ijesas of Ilesa who had more than once come into colHsion with the Ibadans before, were rather wary and felt very reluctant to join this coaUtion ; indeed they were frequently seized with panic from false rumours of the approach of the Ibadans, so that Ilesa itself was more than once deserted from this cause. There were good reasons for this however. One was the transport of ammunition from Ibadan to Mgsin Ipole, a town which had not then thrown off its cdlegiance, but this was in order to settle between two brothers a dispute which had risen to undue proportions and in which an armed intervention had become necessary. The other was that Ayikiti the Owoni lately crowned by the Are for the Ifes captured some Ijesa towns, viz., Ipindun, Ife v/krk, and Osu in order to possess himself of the wherewith to defray the expenses of his coronation. All these gave rise to the panic at Ilesa. On the i6th June news reached Ibadan that the Ilgrins had joined the coalition against them, and the King of Ilorin was said to have sent the following message to the Are of Ibadan. " If a man's wife deserted him, and afterwards repented and came back to him, is not the husband justified in receiving her back " The Are's replj' was " Yes he is, but let the husband beware of what he may contract from the whore." The key to the parable is this :—When the Fulanis overran the northern Yoruba territories, the Ilorins became masters of the Ekiti provinces also ; but when the Ibadans rose to power the Ekitis transferred their allegiance to them. But now they are disposed to return to their " first love " and thus are compared to an erring wife returning to her former husband. The meaning of the Ibadan reply is obvious, the Ilorins may thereby involve themselves in a war of which they may have cause to regret. The Are took no heed of the rebellion, but was prosecuting his desultory warfare with the Egbas. On the 23rd of June, there was a terrible conflagration at Ibadan; the Balogun and Seriki in whose quarters the fire broke out went to arrest its progress, but unfortunately, before they reached home, sparks from the flames had set their own houses on fire. Every preparation having been made for an expedition to the Egba farms, it was thought that it would be postponed, but early next morning (June 24th) whilst the embers were still smouldering, the Balogun's drum was heard on its way to the Egba farms. This expedition returned on the evening of the 26th June bringing about 40 captives. On the 14th of July another expedition went out under Ali the Otun, the Are sending Kupolu with him, but they were not as successful as the last. The people of Ila afterwards got alarmed at their own acts, and began to be afraid of the consequences. They therefore sent on the i6th July ambassadors to Ibadan to make amends, and to sue for peace ; but these were roughly received and were sent back home to prepare for the worst. Upon this the Ekitis sent no more to Ibadan but took further steps to strengthen their alliances and put their defences in order. The confederates now aimed at wresting from the Ibadans all their subject towns including Oyo towns under their protection from Ikirun to Iwo, and limit the Ibadan territories to the river Oba, that is the natural limits of their farms in that direction. It soon became evident that the Ifes had joined them, because their only safe route to Benin for ammunition via Oke Igbo became unsafe from kidnappers ; but the people of Modakeke being Oyos and not Ifes refused to join the coalition knowing that the destruction of Ibadan would be their own ruin, as the Ifes were ever hostile to them, but remained quiet for fear of the Ibadans. On the 19th August news reached Ibadan that the Ekiti allies had marched against Igbajg. Igbajo is a border town and as its name implies contains a mixed population of Oygs, Ijesas, Ekitis and other clans. In its physical aspect it is like the rest of the Ekiti towns but the rulers and principal inhabitants were Oyos and cdl were Oyos in sympathy. They maintained their allegiance to Ibadan refusing to join the coalition. Hence the resolve to remove them out of the way before marching on the nearest genuine Oyo town—Ikirun. Not even did this news move the Are. He sent the Balogun to ravage the Egba farms on the other side of the Ogun river, not only because those on this side had been utterly despoiled, but also because he meant further to straighten Abeokuta, and more especially to be in touch with Porto Novo in order to procure ammunition. He took Ogatedo by an assault, and from Meko he sent on the caravans that accompanied him to Porto Novo for ammunition and salt, and the Seriki to escort them beyond the danger zone, and there to await their return. On hearing that the army of the Egbas was out to waylay his caravans, the Balogun formed links from his base at Mekg right on to the Seriki's post for mutual defence ; the Otun and Osi being placed within easy reach of the Seriki, and then his own division under Aderibigbe the Mogaji of the late Bale Olugbode, and a part under his own brother Mosaderin, and his eldest son Babalola and his head slave Jato. This last division considered themselves practically secure ; hence they neglected all precautions, placed no sentinels and were com- pletely off their guard. It was this division the Egbas surprised and attacked. They were dispersed, and Kurakura the Hausa slave of Chief Ogundeyi of Abeokuta hotly pursued after Aderi- bigbe and would have caught him, but that the latter was a splendid rider and was well mounted on a powerful steed. It was late in the afternoon when the Otun and his companions hearing the continuous report of musketry at their rear contrary to expect- ation came up with their forces, and drove the Egbas away and once more cleared the road. The Balogun before leaving Meko sent a kidnapping expedition to the Ketu farms, a part of which was successful; but the Ketus, being well acquainted with their country, took by-paths, attacked the kidnappers and rescued their people. Several Ibadans were caught, but most of them escaped to Meko and Ibadan. But whilst all this was going on in the South-west the scene in the North-east was one of dreadful carnage. The Igbajos defended themselves heroically and repelled the enemy more than once ; at the second instance the Egugun Chief Priest of Ila was caught and slain. But the allies were reinforced and returned to the attack. On appeal to Ibadan for help Osuntoki the Maye of Ibadan was sent with a small force to assist Igbajo, but it was found that the Are underrated the strength of the coalition. Igbajo could hold out no longer, Maye was obliged to retreat with the Igbajos to Ikirun, with the allies at their heels, laying siege to Ikirun. The King of Ilorin now sent out his forces under the command of Ajia to join the allies at the siege of Ikirun with instructions to sweep all Oyo towns, right on to the river Oba at the confines of the Ibadan farms, that is to say, to take Ikirun, Osogbo, Ed§ and I wo with their villages. The Ilorins commenced operations at Otan a village near Ikirun, and at the onset met with an ominous disaster. The people of this village hearing of their approach deserted the place and hid themselves among the craggy rocks surrounding the village. The Ilorins finding no one to oppose them flew to the spoils, and thus engaged, the men of Otan came in and set on them sla5dng many ; only a few of those who entered the town made good their escape, and that with great difl&culty. The Ilorins receiving reinforcement from home laid siege also against Ikirun. Thus was Ikirun hemmed in nearly on all sides by the Ilorins, the Ekitis and Ila, with the Ijesas, and the inhabitants were obliged to defend themselves within their walls, and the thickets surrounding the town. The small Ibadan contingent at Ikirun reported matters at home but no help was speedily forthcoming, as theBalogun, with the flower of the Ibadan army had not yet returned from Meko. On the 14th of October, 1878 the Ibadan expedition returned home. The Balogun was ordered to make a hasty preparation and march out in five days.